Bargaining Council – what about it?

Bargaining Council – what about it?

Bargaining Council – what about it?

Labour legislation applies to all employers and employees. The Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA) defines the minimum terms and conditions of employment on which the parties may contract. However, if a business falls under an industry that is part of a specific Bargaining Council’s scope of application, the Bargaining Council’s collective agreement will regulate labour relations in that industry and employers are legally obliged to comply with this. Note that certain Bargaining Councils only apply to specific regions. The obligation rests with the employer to determine under which industry the business falls and then to comply with applicable legislation.

Employers that fall within a Bargaining Council’s scope of application must ensure that their employment contracts are drafted in line with this legislation.  Note that the minimum terms and conditions of employment as contained in the Bargaining Council’s collective agreement rank higher than those contained in the BCEA. If any labour disputes arise between the employee and employer, ʼn Bargaining Council will have jurisdiction to deal with these disputes, as opposed to referring the dispute to the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA).

Functions of a Bargaining Council include to:

  • conclude and apply collective agreements;
  • prevent and resolve labour disputes;
  • establish and administer a fund to resolve disputes;
  • encourage and establish training and education;
  • to establish and administer pension, provident, unemployment and medical aid funds, as well as sick pay, holiday pay and training schemes for the benefit of one or more of the Bargaining Council’s parties or their members.
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LWO Sexual harassment in the workplace

LWO Sexual harassment in the workplace

LWO Sexual harassment in the workplace

Sexual harassment is a serious offence and is also deemed a form of unfair discrimination.  The Employment Equity Act (EEA) stipulates that an employer violates the law if he/she fails to take the necessary steps in cases of alleged sexual harassment.  Section 60(3) of the EEA holds an employer liable for the unlawful, discriminatory conduct of its workers.

Defined as “unwanted behaviour of a sexual nature that violates the rights of an employee”, this behaviour includes any physical, verbal or non-verbal sexual conduct that makes the victim feel uncomfortable.
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Sexual harassment violates the following rights of the victim:

  • The right to a work environment free from sexual harassment
  • The right to be treated with respect and dignity in the workplace
  • The right to equality and not to be discriminated against on the grounds of sex
Behaviour will only be considered sexual harassment if it has a sexually unwanted undertone. The unwanted nature is distinguished from behaviour that is welcomed and reciprocated.

Sexual attention becomes sexual harassment when:

  • The recipient has made it clear that the behaviour is not welcome
  • The behaviour persists
  • The offender should have known that the behaviour was considered unacceptable
  • Sexual harassment can occur between any sexes, and is independent of ethnic origin. The employer as well as the employee can be guilty. Even contractors and suppliers do not escape responsibility.

Employers need to put policies and procedures in place to curb this conduct. It must be clear to all employees in the workplace that sexual harassment will not be tolerated, what actions are considered sexual harassment, how it should be reported and how it will be dealt with. An employee who is suspected of being a victim must be reassured that all conversations will be confidential and handled with the necessary sensitivity. In addition to the fact that such behaviour can harm a victim, it can also damage the reputation of the business.

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To strike – protected versus unprotected

To strike – protected versus unprotected

To strike – protected versus unprotected

Every employee has the right, in terms of the Constitution of South Africa, to strike. The Labour Relations Act (LRA) defines a strike as the partial or complete refusal to work, or the retardation or obstruction of work by employees for the purpose of remedying a grievance or resolving a dispute in respect of a matter of mutual interest. 

Labour law distinguishes between a protected strike and an unprotected strike:

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Protected strike

For a strike to be deemed “protected”, the LRA stipulates certain provisions and procedures that must first be complied with:
  • Legislation requires that unsatisfied employees first make use of the employer’s internal grievance procedure to try and resolve the grievance.

  • When the outcome of the grievance is not satisfactory, the employee can refer the matter to the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (“CCMA”).  A commissioner will be appointed and will try to resolve the dispute through conciliation.

  • If the dispute cannot be resolved, or after the lapse of 30 days since the referral of the dispute to the CCMA, the commissioner will issue a certificate stating that the matter is unresolved and that the employees have the right to embark on a protected strike.

  • However, there is still an obligation on the employees to notify the employer in writing of their intention to strike by giving the employer at least 48 hours’ notice of the intended strike.
In South Africa it is generally accepted practice that employees are paid for services rendered. Therefore the ‘no work, no pay’ principle will apply and employers do not have to pay the employees who participate in the strike.

Unprotected strike

If a strike does not comply with the required terms and procedures in terms of the LRA, the strike will be deemed “unprotected”. Employers can take disciplinary action against employees who participate in unprotected strikes, but employers still remain subject to legislation and as such must follow the correct and fair procedures. To ensure that employers handle such a situation correctly, it is extremely important that they seek legal advice from the start in order to limit their risk as far as possible.

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COVID-19 and disciplinary action against employees

COVID-19 and disciplinary action against employees

COVID-19 and disciplinary action against employees

All employers must comply with the Occupational Health and Safety Act. This law requires that employers, as far as is reasonably practicable, provide and maintain a work environment that is safe and without risk to the health of employees, customers, members, visitors, contractors, etc. who may be directly affected by their activities, or who enters the workplace.

In addition to this general obligation, additional regulations have been published in terms of COVID-19 that must be complied with. Each workplace is unique with regards to, among other things, the space and setup, activities, working methods, types of interaction, etc. Although COVID-19 regulations are legally enforced, it is a good idea to implement a COVID-19 policy and procedure in the workplace to clarify the required behaviour as well as the consequences in cases of non-compliance. In order to be able to apply discipline in the workplace, the employer must implement clear rules and also be able to prove that employees are aware of the rules as well as the consequences if these rules were broken.

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What should be included in the COVID-19 policy and procedure?

  • Availability and use of safety equipment
  • Daily screening
  • Handling of shared facilities, such as a kitchen, bathroom, cafeteria, etc.
  • Procedure when other persons enter the premises
  • Rules with corresponding sanctions

Beware of these pitfalls

It is an established principle in labour law that a violation of the employer’s health and safety policies and procedures will result in disciplinary action and may justify the termination of the employee’s employment. Apply discipline in line with the disciplinary code, but beware of these pitfalls:
  • Be fair and just
  • Act consistently
  • Always follow the correct procedure continuously
Employers should note that failure to comply with the Occupational Health and Safety Act may result in serious consequences such as fines, imprisonment and an order to cease business activities, depending on the nature and seriousness of the offence.

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COVID-19: self-quarantine versus isolation

COVID-19: self-quarantine versus isolation

COVID-19: self-quarantine versus isolation

What is the difference between self-quarantine and isolation? According to the Government Gazette 44700, dated 11 June 2021, the definitions are as follows:

ISOLATION – REGULATION 6(4)

Isolation takes place when an employee develops COVID-19 symptoms or positively diagnoses for COVID-19. Isolation is mandatory to avoid spreading the virus to other employees. Isolation can take place at home, in an approved isolation facility or even in a hospital if the employee has serious symptoms and need medical assistance. If the employee is hospitalised, the isolation period of 10 days may be longer until the employee achieves clinical stability according to a medical practitioner.

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SELF-QUARANTINE – REGULATION 6(5)

An assessment must be done regarding a “low risk” or “high risk” exposure as soon as an employee was in contact with another person who has been diagnosed with COVID-19.
  • “Low risk” exposure – Regulation 6(6): the assessment must be done in terms of the workplace’s risk assessment plan. Once low risk exposure is determined, the employer can allow the employee to continue working. Wearing a face mask is mandatory and the employee must be monitored for 10 days for symptom development.

  • “High risk” exposure – Regulation 6(7): self-quarantine for 10 days take place when an employee has had high risk exposure to COVID-19. High risk exposure means that an employee had direct, close contact (less than one meter), for longer than 15 minutes with someone that tested positive for COVID-19, did not wear a protective face mask, or had physical contact. The employee must self-monitor for symptoms.

Is the mandatory self-quarantine and isolation period 14 or 10 days?

The period was reduced in July 2020 from 14 days to 10 days.
self-quarantine versus isolation

Sick leave for self-quarantine and isolation? Regulation 6(3)(iii)

In terms of section 22 of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act, the period for self-quarantine and isolation will be sick leave.
It is not necessary to test for COVID-19 during the period of self-quarantine, UNLESS the employee develops symptoms. Once the employee develops symptoms during this period, the employee must isolate for 10 days from the day the employee’s symptoms started.

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2021 – Employment Equity Act, are you a designated employer?

2021 – Employment Equity Act, are you a designated employer?

2021 – Employment Equity Act, are you a designated employer?

The Employment Equity Act (“EEA”) applies to all employers, but a “designated employer” (who meets the minimum requirements) has additional responsibilities. Make sure you know what is expected of YOU and that you comply! The EEA aims to eliminate unfair discrimination in the workplace by promoting equal opportunities and fair treatment.

Are you a “designated employer”?

A “designated employer” is any employer with 50 or more employees OR an annual turnover of:

  • R6 million – Agriculture
  • R22.5 million – Mining and Quarrying
  • R30 million – Manufacturing
  • R30 million – Electricity, Gas and Water
  • R15 million – Construction
  • R45 million – Retail, Motor trade and Repair services
  • R75 million – Wholesale trade, Commercial agents and Allied trades
  • R15 million – Catering, Accommodation and other Trade
  • R30 million – Transport, Storage and Communications
  • R30 million – Finance and Business services
  • R15 million – Community, Special and Personal services
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What happens if I don’t comply?

Should a “designated employer” fail to comply with these obligations, the fine for the first offence is:

  • R1.5 million or 10% of the employer’s annual turnover (whichever is the greatest); and/or
  • 10 years imprisonment

What is expected of a “designated employer”?

A “designated employer” has additional obligations and must take care to ensure the following is in place:

  1. Appoint a Senior Employment Equity Manager to develop, monitor and implement the Employment Equity Plan (see step 7 below). This appointment must be a permanent employee and report directly to the CEO of the business.
  2. Collect information – each employee must complete the EEA1 form confirming the employee’s race, gender, nationality and any disabilities where applicable.
  3. Create employment equity awareness with regards to all employees – all employees should be made aware of and informed with regards to the objectives, content and application of the EEA, its regulations and Code of good practice.
  4. Establish an Employment Equity Committee to hold regular consultations with regards to compliance with the EEA. This committee must be representative of both designated and non-designated employees and all occupational levels. Trade unions in the workplace must also be involved and form part of consultation.
  5. Hold regular (at least quarterly) consultations to discuss the conducting of an analysis, development of a plan and submitting of the reports to the Department of Employment and Labour. These consultations must be structured and recorded via agendas, attendance registers and minutes of meetings held.
  6. Draft an analysis (EEA12) which must include the following:
    • Policies and procedures to address the under-representation of designated groups and a lack of diversity in the workplace
    • Practices and factors to promote employment equity
    • Under-representation of designated groups and occupational levels
  7. Draft an Employment Equity Plan (EEA13) which must state the following:
    • Objectives for each year (the plan is valid between one to five years)
    • Affirmative action measures
    • Numerical goals for achieving equitable representation
    • A timetable for each year
    • Internal monitoring and evaluation procedures, including internal dispute resolution mechanisms
    • Identified persons to monitor and implement the plan
  8. Submit Employment Equity reports (EEA2 and EEA4) on progress made with regards to the implementation of the plan. The reporting period is a twelve month period (we recommend using the employer’s financial period). Reports can be submitted electronically on the Department of Employment and Labour‘s website before 15 January 2022.

The LWO has collaboration agreements in place with various service providers where LWO members enjoy preferential rates, including specialists regarding the Employment equity Act. We encourage members to contact MOULDER SKILLS DEVELOPMENT CC directly for specialist assistance:

  • James Moulder: 073 096 0078 | jamesm@msdev.co.za
  • Rochelle Botes: 064 656 2313 | rochelleb@msdev.co.za

(Read more about the collaboration agreement between the LWO and Moulder Skills Development here.)

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