The Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA), was established as an independent, apolitical dispute resolution body in terms of the Labour Relations Act (LRA). CCMA processes aim to promote fair labour practices and resolve labour disputes in the workplace. An employee can refer a dispute to the CCMA on the basis of dismissal, wages and working conditions, unfair labour practice, workplace changes and discrimination. Most cases referred to the CCMA relate to unfair dismissal.

When can the employee approach the CCMA?

• In the case of alleged unfair dismissal, the dispute must be referred tot he CCMA within 30 days after the date of dismissal.




• If a dispute relates to unfair labour practice, it must be referred to the CCMA within 90 days after the unfair incident, or within 90 days after the employee becomes aware of the unfair labour practice.




• If the dispute relates to discrimination, it must be referred to the CCMA within six days for conciliation and if it cannot be resolved, be referred to the Labour Court.

Who is the LWO?

• Conciliation: This is an informal process where a commissioner is appointed to meet with the parties to a dispute within 30 days after the referral and explore ways to resolve the dispute by mutual agreement. Separate meetings between the commissioner and each party may also be held. If the case is settled, a settlement agreement is signed and the dispute is resolved.

• Arbitration: This is a hearing process where the parties have the opportunity to state their case. During the process, oral evidence is presented as well as any other forms of evidence in support of a party’s case. Thereafter the commissioner will issue an arbitration awards within 14 days. An arbitration award is binding and the equivalent of a court ruling.

• Conciliation/Arbitration (“Con/Arb”): This is an ongoing process where conciliation and arbitration follow directly after each other on the same day. If conciliation (settlement) is not reached, arbitration will take place on the same day. Both the employer and employee can object to the ongoing process on the same day. However, the ongoing process is mandatory in matters concerning:

• dismissal for any reason relating to a probation period;
• any unfair labour practice relating to a probation period;
• the failure of any payment in respect of the national minimum wage.

Who can represent an employer at the CCMA?

• The commissioner and all the other parties agree to it.




• The commissioner concludes that it is unreasonable to expect a party to handle the dispute without legal representation.

The LWO is registered as an employers’ organisation with the Department of Employment and Labour and automatically has the right to represent LWO members in forums such as the CCMA, Bargaining Councils and the Labour Court.

It has come to the Department of Employment and Labour‘s attention that people falsely pose as inspectors from this Department. In some instances employers are coerced and intimidated into buying “new” posters.

Make sure to do the following during an inspection by the Department of Employment and Labour:

• Insist on positive identification of the person who introduces him-/herself as an inspector or an official.
• First verify this information before giving the person access to your premises.

Inspections – please note the following:

• No inspector may charge a fee for the inspection, investigation, advice or any assistance.
• The Department of Employment and Labour does not delegate any third party to conduct an inspection on behalf of the Department – none of the Department’s powers may therefore be delegated.
• No inspector may sell posters, products or information.

Who is the LWO?

• Free labour law audit upon joining with 100% compliance in mind for your business (based on your specific business industry and setup)
• Free telephonic labour law advice – members are encouraged to phone in as many times as needed
• Free labour law documentation – including employment contracts, warnings, notices, policies, procedures, etc.
• Assistance to implement rules in the workplace and enforce discipline – poor work performance, consultations, warnings, disciplinary hearings, etc.
• Representation at the CCMA, Bargaining Council and Labour Court – our registration status with the Department of Employment and Labour gives us the right to automatically represent our members during conciliation/arbitration.
• Assistance with restructuring, retrenchment, strikes, trade union negotiations, inspections, etc.
• Anything labour law related between the employer and employee, the LWO protects the employer.

The Department of Employment and Labour possesses the authority to enforce these labour regulations and carries out regular workplace inspections to ensure adherence thereto.  There are three categories of inspections, each focusing on ensuring compliance with a specific set of laws, namely:

• The Basic Conditions of Employment Act, which encompasses Sectoral Determinations and Main Collective Agreements;
• The Employment Equity Act; and
• The Occupational Health and Safety Act.

The three categories of labour inspections:

• Inspection under the Basic Conditions of Employment Act:

  This inspection focuses on ensuring compliance with the minimum terms and conditions of employment that both the employer and employee can mutually agree upon, encompassing industry-specific legislation where applicable. The inspector will examine:
  
  

  • The Employment contracts (written particulars of employment);
  • Attendance records;
  • Remuneration details – pay slips/envelopes, minimum wage, overtime, paid leave, working hours, etc.;
  • Verification of UIF and COIDA registration along with proof of payments made; and
  • Comprehensive list of employee names and corresponding ID numbers.

In case of non-compliance, the inspector will issue a dated compliance order to the employer. Subsequently, this can lead to the imposition of monetary penalties or even imprisonment.

• Inspection under the Employment Equity Act:
  

  This inspection’s focus is on the compliance of the Employment Equity Act, which strives to eradicate unjust discrimination in the workplace, while promoting equal opportunities and equitable treatment. Employers meeting specific criteria are known to be “designated employers,” with additional responsibilities. Employers must verify whether they classify as a “designated employer” to ensure conformity and compliance.

   Non-compliance for a “designated employer” may result in a fine of R1.5 million for the first offense or 10% of the employer’s annual turnover (whichever is greater), and/or up to 10 years of imprisonment.

• Inspection under the Occupational Health and Safety Act:
  

  This inspection concentrates on compliance with health and safety regulations, aiming to establish a secure and healthy work environment. The inspector will scrutinize aspects like legislative posters, health and safety representatives and committees, relevant signage, personal protective equipment, and more.